The Treaty of Waitangi and Healthcare

The Treaty of Waitangi and Healthcare Realities and Maori Models of Health New Zealanders has major ethnicities than any other parts of the world, comprising over 213 ethnic groups. Five major ethnic groups in New Zealand comprise New Zealand European, Maori, Chinese, Samoan and Indian (NZ Herald, 2013). And of all ethnic groups, Maori has been documented as having the poorest health status in New Zealand even after the regulation of factors like income, residence and education. This health status is the result from their negative experiences from colonization processes that resulted in the loss of their cultural beliefs, practices and even their Maori language. As Ramsden, Irihapiti has stated: Maori have until recently been passive consumers of a health service that they have had little input into. As yet Maori have little control over funding, policy and delivery of health service in the State sector. Many Maori would argue that this situation is in contravention of the promise of the second article to protect the â€Å"unqualified exercise of Maori chieftainship†¦over lands, villages, and all their treasures†. [1] Tino rangatiratanga guarantee has not been realised while Maori cannot gain autonomy in health service and become accountable to Maori.[2] The Ministry of Health documents [3]has revealed the seriousness of the matter and the need to address the inequalities and disparities of health as what Hon. Annette King has stated: The Government has acknowledged the importance of prioritizing Maori health gain and development by identifying a need to reduce and eventually eliminate health inequalities that negatively affect Maori.[4] As health care providers, it is our utmost responsibility to respond to Maori’s health issues in respect to the diversity of worldviews that may exist in between us. To fully understand Maori health promotion, it is best to examine these key models that have been developed and currently used. Maori view health in a holistic way. Each of these models is interlinked and highlights the links in between the physical, spiritual, individual and most importantly, the family. Te Whare Tapa Wha Te Whare Tapa Wha is also known as â€Å"four cornerstones or sides of Maori health†. These four cornerstones includes the: Taha tinana or Physical Health – from the word itself, it refers to the body and its physical manifestation. Taha Wairua or Spiritual Health – Maori believed that the spiritual essence of the individual is their life force and therefore is essential in the identification of an individual as a whole. Taha whanau or Family Health – it details the importance of family on the well-being of the individual. Taha hinengaro or Mental Health – refers to the relevance of the mind and the ability to communicate, think and feel. This model expresses the relevance of balance that if one of these elements fails can lead to illness. It was developed by Mason Durie in 1982 because the spiritual element of health was discarded which has become an important in the prevailing health models. Te Pae Mahutonga or Southern Cross Star Constellation This model brings together the elements of modern Maori health promotion. These key elements highlight the linkages in between Mauriora (cultural identity), Waiora (physical environment), Toiora (healthy lifestyles) and Te Oranga (Participation in society). The two pointers symbolize NgÄ  Manukura(community leadership) andTe Mana Whakahaere(autonomy) which depicts the resources needed to achieve those outcomes. It has been currently used around New Zealand to create a positive change regardless of ethnicities or culture. Te Wheke Te Wheke or the octopus depicts family health. The octopus head represent te whanau (the family), octopus eyes as waiora (family and individual’s total well-being) and the tentacles representing specific dimension of health which are interwoven representing closeness of these tentacles. Maori acknowledges importance of interconnectedness in between the mind, spirit, whanau and physical and has always been even after the introduction of Western medicine. He Po Oranga Tangata Whenua This model has been developed to ensure the traditional tangata whenua (people of the land) values, knowledge and institutions are recognized as key indicators of toiora: optimum health and well-being. It attempts to make a wider connection between wider health and social determinants like housing, employment, education, resources and language. This model is now being applied in the Bay of Plenty District Health Board. All of these models will help shed light on Maori’s views of health and well-being in the hope of greater appreciation to them and be put into works by the professionals working in the health sector. MANAAKITANGA Loosely translated as â€Å"hospitality†, manaakitanga plays an integral part in Maori society. It is derived from the word â€Å"mana† or the person’s ability to care. It derives respect that is earned and cannot be forced to any individual. Being hospitable, looking after visitors and caring for them regardless of their status is of great importance to them. But manaakitanga has a much broader definition than just a word or direct translation. It can be broken down into 3 parts: mana-a-ki which means â€Å"power of the word† which motions them to be expressive and articulate in welcoming visitors. There is another explanation with the words â€Å"mana† or prestige, â€Å"ki te tangata† or to the people – which gives the importance of mana that contains the integrity, prestige and power of guests. Manaakitanga not only encompasses hospitality but also on mutual respect. It acknowledges others’ mana as having equal or greater th an their own which can be seen in the form of love, generosity, as well as hospitality. They also believed that in any gathering, small than it may seem, it should be remembered with gratitude and affection. They welcome settlers with open arms as they often trade and give foods to them. Some of them brought individuals into their marae or meeting place where they become members of whanau/family, hapu/sub-tribe and iwi/tribe. Manaakitanga, in short sense, is about cultivating relationships, looking after one another and being careful as to how others are treated regardless of their status in the society. It is applicable not only to the Maori but also in any ethnic group. In any health care setting, it is important that we all treat each other with respect. It can boost one’s esteem knowing you are valued. In this way will we be able to build rapport and partnership not only to the patients but as well as their families, thereby, improve the health status of not only the Maori but also to the entire ethnic group. References Manning, B. (2013, December 11). Census 2013: More ethnicities than the worlds countries National NZ Herald News. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=11170288 Media Resources. (n.d.). Manaakitanga – unique New Zealand hospitality > New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.newzealand.com/travel/en/media/features/maori-culture/maori-culture_manaakitanga-hospitality.cfm Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2002, March). Guidelines for Cultural Safety, the Treaty of Waitangi, and Maori health in Nursing and Midwifery Education and Practice. Retrieved from http://www.sportsouthland.co.nz/files/docs/culturalsafety nurses.pdf Whanau Ora News. (2013, November 11). MÄ ori Models of Health Wellbeing | Te Arawa WhÄ nau Ora Collective. Retrieved from http://tearawawhanauora.org.nz/2013/11/maori-models-of-health-wellbeing/ [1] Kawharu, I. (Ed). (1989). Waitangi: Maori and Pakeha perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press. 2 Ramsden, I. (1996). The Treaty of Waitangi and cultural safety: The role of the Treaty in nursing and  midwifery education in Aotearoa. In Nursing Council of New Zealand, Guidelines for cultural safety in  nursing and midwifery education. Wellington, NZ: NCNZ. [2] [3] Social Inequalities in Health, New Zealand (1999), the New Zealand Health Strategy (December  2000) and Priorities for Maori and Pacific Health: Evidence from epidemiology (2001) [4] King, A. (2001). New Zealand Health Strategy. Wellington, NZ, Ministry of Health. p.18

Child/ parent relationship in the Little Boy Crying? Essay

The poem, Little Boy Crying, written by Mervyn Morris is mainly about father and sons relationship. Poet shows the two main themes through this relationship; fathers love towards his child and his effort to lead his child into a right world in life. Mervyn Morris explores the child and parents relationship by using second person narration and language techniques such as allusion and emotive words. The important messages behind the poem are: parents love us and they will do anything to lead us to the right way. In the first stanza, the poet describes a boy who is very relaxed at first but he gets very tense with the fathers punishment. Your laughter metamorphosed into howls in the first stanza shows the change of the mood for the boy with his fathers scold. With three year old frustration, your bright eyes swimming tears, splashing your bare feet in the first stanza is described from the fathers view (using second person narrative) and he sees it as a wrong behavior and slaps the boy, causing the boy to tear. But the father does know the sons feelings when he is slapped; it is just the three year old boys emotion. You stand there angling for a moments hint of guilt or sorrow for the quick slap struck, shows that father is hiding his guilt of hitting his child and boy is looking for any evidence that, his father feels guilty for hitting him. This stanza tells the reader that father slapped the boy not with anger but with love to make his boy go to the right direction in life. Stanza two is from the boys point of view. Using allusion, the poet let the boy imagine revenge upon his father. In this stanza, the boy regards his father as a cruel giant who exercises the power over a little boy and revenge in the fairy tale. The ogre towers above you, that grim giant, empty of feeling, a colossal cruel In this stanza shows that boy really hates his father and describes him as a heartless, cruel giant ogre. You imagine chopping clean the tree hes scrambling down or plotting deeper pits to trap him in: the boy imagines himself as Jack in the fairy tale, Jack and the beanstalk, cutting down the beanstalk before the giant ogre, metaphor of his strict father, comes down. In the last stanza, the poet again emphasizes the fathers love toward his son in spite of the sons wrong doing. You cannot understand, not yet, shows that the father loves him very much and he understands what the boy feels. It also shows that father knows his son isnt old enough to understand his fathers intention of the punishment. This fierce man longs to lift you, curb your sadness with piggy back or bull fight, anything/ hidden behind that mask tells us that father may look strict to the boy but he also has a very soft side. However, it seems that disciplining his son takes precedence over showing his love to him in the line, But dare not ruin the lesson you should learn. Again the poet emphasizes that father scolded him to lead him to the right direction. Lastly, the poet adds the last line to highlight the lesson hed like to teach his son; You must not make a plaything of the rain. It shows why he goes hard on his son. As most parents do, he wants his son to grow up as a decent person and to give his son the lesson; You shouldnt play with the rain, that is, tear because the tear cannot always be the answer. In conclusion, Mervyn Morris explores child and parents relationship using second person narration and imagery. The poem shows the fathers endless love towards his child and his efforts to lead him to the right direction in life. The poem leaves another important message through the relationship between the father and the son; we should always appreciate our parents, who are always there for us when we need help, not only with giving love to us but also with disciplining us. Source: Songs of our selves-IGCSE poetry anthology

Employee stock option: Final Exam Essay

1. How many employees must a company have to be covered under FMLA? __50_______ 2. A company can be inconsistent in their disciplinary actions and procedures if they don’t know any better. True False 3. Which one of these laws has to do with protection for employees 40 – years and older? ADA FMLA FLSA -ADEA – USERRA 4. Scenario: I am an employer, and one of my employees goes away to IRAQ on active duty in the Army. While he was gone we downsized. He returns a year later, and his position has been eliminated. I can legally tell him we no longer have a job for him correct? -FALSE- 5. The federal law WARN Act applies to employers with at least 90 – employees. True False 6. The California law referred to as Mini-WARN applies to employers with at least 50 – employees. True False 7. An organization is legally required to offer employees medical insurance. True False 8. Social Security is made up totally of money from employees. True False 9. An organization shouldn’t show any interest in an employee’s career development. True False 10. It makes total sense to copy another company’s compensation plan. This is especially if they are in the same industry, and have around the same amount of employees. True False 11. There is no difference of employment laws in California compared to other states in the US. True False 12. An organization can pay a minor below minimum wage. True False 13. A company in California can opt to pay $7.25 the federal minimum wage, as opposed to $8.00the state minimum wage if they can prove it is more cost  efficient for them. True False 14. It is permissible to fire someone in California and pay them the next pay period. True False 15. It is possible and legal for a male employee to be paid more if he negotiated better, and had a higher wage history. True False 16. It is legally required to terminate all employees who have been proven to be harassers in the workplace. True False 17. Which of these might NOT be considered a disability. Being HIV positive Partial hearing loss in one ear A history of chronic back pain Having the Flu Being a cancer survivor with no signs of the disease any longer It is fine to offer executives more benefits. 18. Which of these is an example of an Intangible benefit? Annual bonus Vacations A non-managerial employee being involved in making decisions in the organization Employee Stock Options 19. _TRUE___Today’s managers have found that employees do not set aside their cultural values and lifestyle preferences when they come to work. The challenge is to make organizations more accommodating to diverse groups of people by addressing different lifestyles, family needs, and work styles. 20. __TRUE__The part-time, temporary, and contract workers used by organizations to fill peak staffing needs or perform work not done by core employees is called the contingent workforce. 21. _TRUE___Quality management’s objective is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement or one that leads to achieving an effective and lean work force. A well-managed organization according to W. Edward Deming was one in which statistical control reduced variability and resulted in uniform quality and predictable quality of output. 22. ____Work process engineering will generate its benefits only if Human Resource Management does train its employee population. 23. ___FALSE_ Causes of stress can be grouped into two major categories: motivational and personal 24. TRUE____Technological changes have required HRM to address or change its practices when it deals with such activities as recruiting as recruiting and selecting employees, motivating and paying individuals, training and developing employees, and in legal and ethical matters. 25. ___FALSE_Drug testing in today’s organization is conducted not to eliminate illegal substance at the point of hire, but only to catch those using it in the workplace. 26. __FALSE__Type A behavior is characterized by a procrastinated sense of time urgency, excessively competitive drive, and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time. 27. FALSE____The purpose of job analysis is only concerned with the amount of money that is paid to the employee for following their job description. 28._TRUE__A financial protection plan for executives in case they are released from the organization is called a golden parachute. 29._FALSE__Social Security does not provide a source of income for American retirees, disabled workers, and surviving dependents of workers who have died. 30._TRUE__Some stress in organizations is absolutely necessary; without it, workers lack energy.

The Harsh Dream, Of Mice And Men - 1416 Words

Of Mice and Men, The Harsh Dream Santiago Català ¡n Mr.Matarazzo American Literature May 23, 2016 Santiago Català ¡n Mr.Matarazzo American Literature May 23, 2016 The Harsh Dream, Of Mice and Men Although the American Dream seems like a bright future with a great success, get rich, make money†¦ the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity, nevertheless Lennie and George will experience times of trouble and poverty, where they will not be able to save up money and have a wealthy and prosperous life, because of the great economic depression that America was going through at that time, a moment in the history of the country where the job conditions were terrible. Lennie is a huge man of prodigious strength, but his intellectual capacity is significantly limited. George travels with Lennie and tries to look after him, both dreaming of finding a place they can own and live in. Of Mice and Men was published in 1937 and was an immediate success. The novella s status is a best seller. 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